当归苦参丸联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常性痤疮45例疗效观察

目的:观察当归苦参丸联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常性痤疮的临床疗效与安全性。方法:选择2009年3月~2013年3月在门诊就诊的130例Ⅰ~Ⅲ级寻常性痤疮患者,将其按照随机数字表法分成三组。治疗组:口服当归苦参丸,同时睡前外用1%阿达帕林凝胶;对照Ⅰ组:口服当归苦参丸;对照Ⅱ组:睡前外搽1%阿达帕林凝胶。三组疗程均为8周,所有患者治疗12周后判定疗效。结果:治疗12周后,治疗组有效率为88.89%,对照Ⅰ组为64.28%,对照Ⅱ组为67.45%,治疗组有效率均高于与其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:当归苦参丸联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常性痤疮疗效高,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

局部利多卡因凝胶与静脉注射利多卡因在喉罩应用中的比较研究

目的探讨在喉罩使用过程中局部利多卡因凝胶与静脉注射利多卡因对维持血流动力学的稳定性是否有相同效应。方法选择2011年6月～2012年10月择期全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除术48例,随机分为3组,每组16例。T组（局部给药组）,2％利多卡因凝胶涂抹于喉罩罩杯的双面,同时静脉注射生理盐水10ml;1组（静脉给药组）,普通水溶性润滑剂涂抹于喉罩罩杯的双面,同时2％利多卡因1．5mg／kg生理盐水稀释至10ml静脉注射;C组（对照组）,普通水溶性润滑剂涂抹于喉罩罩杯的双面,同时生理盐水10ml静脉注射。记录喉罩置入前,置入即刻,置入后1、3、5min,以及拔除喉罩前1min,拔除即刻,拔除后1、3、5min的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）,记录拔除喉罩前后并发症。结果3组置入和拔出喉罩时MAP、HR无明显变化（P〉0．05）。T组和I组MAP在喉罩置入后1min和拔出即刻、1min、3min、5min明显低于C组（P〈0．05）。拔除喉罩后3组均无喉痉挛和吞咽困难发生,咽痛、干呕并发症发生率3组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论局部应用利多卡因凝胶与静脉注射利多卡因在喉罩使用过程中对维持血流动力学的稳定性具有相同效应。     

The efficacy of three desensitizing agents in treatment of dentine hypersensitivity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three desensitizing agents vs. placebo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and six hypersensitive teeth of 26 patients were included in this study, and the baseline hypersensitivity level of all teeth was established as 'moderate' by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The teeth were divided into four groups: to the first group 5% potassium nitrate bio-adhesive gel, to the second 2% sodium fluoride bio-adhesive gel and to the third one step adhesive system Prompt L-Pop were applied as desensitizing agents. Group 4 was the control group in which a desensitizer-free bio-adhesive gel was used as placebo. Post treatment and eighth week control measurements were recorded on VAS. RESULTS: It was observed that the efficacy of three desensitizing agents did not differ from each other (P >0.05) and except for placebo all reduced moderate dentin hypersensitivity effectively (P <0.05). Clinical relevance: Five per cent potassium nitrate, 2% sodium fluoride bio-adhesive gels and one-step bonding agent Prompt L-Pop were effective in reducing moderate dentine hypersensitivity.     

载药量对后交联祖师麻凝胶贴膏剂流变学及体外经皮渗透特性的影响

目的通过载药量对后交联凝胶贴膏流变学及体外经皮渗透特性的影响,考察后交联凝胶贴膏基质的载药量。方法采用流变学技术测定不同载药量时胶料的各项流变学参数,并以祖师麻乙醇提取物为模型药物,以祖师麻甲素的累积透过率及皮肤滞留率为指标,对成品贴膏进行体外经皮渗透试验,确定基质载药量。结果当载药量在4.0%～12.4%时,含药胶料的结构强度、黏弹性、耐温耐剪切性及抗变形能力、稳定性均符合要求,其中以载药量为6.8%时最佳;祖师麻甲素的累积透过率随载药量逐渐增大,皮肤滞留率分别变化不明显。结论通过比较流变学及体外经皮渗透试验结果,确定基质处方的最佳载药量为6.8%。     

Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin by affinity electrophoresis on agarose gel

We describe a method for electrophoretic determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) on agarose gel membrane. Clear separation of GHb from non-GHb is achieved after 30 min electrophoresis at 60 V using a sodium citrate buffer solution (34 mmol/l, pH 6.5) containing 0.6 g/l dextran sulfate. The results obtained by this method correlate well with those by agar gel electrophoresis (r = 0.98) and column chromatography (r = 0.96). However, unlike column chromatographic methods, GHb values obtained on agarose gel are not affected by fluctuations in ambient temperature (18-28 degrees C), changes in pH (6.2-6.6) and ionic strength of buffer solution (26-40 mmol/l), or variant hemoglobin S and C. Also, electrophoresis on agarose gel membrane eliminates the lengthy preparative steps required for cellulose acetate electrophoresis. We conclude that agarose gel electrophoresis is a simple method for quantitative determination of GHb.     

Lipoprotein snthesis and secretion b cultured human intestinal mucosa

Abstract. We tested whether cultured human jejunal mucosa incorporates fatt acid into esterified lipids and whether organ culture can serve as a model ss'em to stud lipoprotein secretion b the human gut. Jejunal biopsies obtained from seven subjects were cultured for 24 h in medium containing 2 μCi of [³H]palmitic acid. More than 95% of the radioactivit incorporated b the tissue was found to be associated with esterified lipids: triglcerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids, 7–8±1–2, 0–5±01 and 14-0±1–5 nmol/10 mg weight respectivel. During the culture labelled triglcerides, phospholipids and cholesterol esters were secreted to the medium. Most of the newl snthesized esterified lipids in the medium were found in the d < 1 019 g/ml and d = 1019–1063 g/ml fractions. The majorit of the newl snthesized triglcerides were found in the d < 1 019 g/ml fraction. Labelled cholesterol esters were enriched in the d = 1 -063-1-21 g/ml fraction.
Boiled biopsies adsorbed negligible amounts of radioactive palmitic acid and did not snthesize esterified lipids. The addition of puromcin to the culture medium and preincubation with colchicine resulted in decreased uptake of the labelled fatt acid and decreased secretion of esterified lipids to the medium. These experiments indicate that cultured human intestinal mucosa is a suitable model to stud lipid snthesis and lipoprotein secretion b the human intestine.     

Ultrapure alginate anti-adhesion gel does not impair colon anastomotic strength

Background

Ultrapure alginate gel is promising in terms of adhesion prevention. Because anti-adhesive barriers have been shown to disturb healing of bowel anastomoses, the effect of ultrapure alginate gel on the repair of colon anastomoses was studied.

Materials and methods

In 102 male Wistar rats, a 0.5-cm segment was resected from the descending colon and continuity was restored by an inverted single-layer end-to-end anastomosis. Animals were randomized into a control, an alginate gel, and a sodium hyaluronate carboxymethyl cellulose film group, each n = 34. Half of each group was sacrificed at day 3 and 7 postoperatively. Anastomotic strength was assessed by measuring both bursting pressure and breaking strength. Hydroxyproline content was measured and histologic analysis was performed. The incidence of adhesion and abscess formation was scored at sacrifice.

Results

No difference in either anastomotic-bursting pressure or breaking strength was found between experimental groups and the controls at any time point. Both the incidence of adhesion formation (35% versus 71%, P = 0.007) and the adhesion score (0.38 versus 0.79, P = 0.009) were significantly lower in the alginate gel group than in the controls. The abscess rate was higher (46% versus 18%, P = 0.030) in the hyaluronate carboxymethyl cellulose group than in the controls and unchanged in the alginate gel group.

Conclusions

While reducing adhesion formation, ultrapure alginate gel does not interfere with the development of colonic anastomotic strength during the crucial early healing period.     

玻璃体切割联合玻璃酸钠凝胶辅助内界膜翻转填塞术治疗大孔径特发性黄斑裂孔

目的　探讨玻璃体切割联合玻璃酸钠凝胶辅助内界膜翻转填塞术治疗大孔径特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效。方法　回顾性分析2017年3月至2019年12月在我院行玻璃体切割术治疗的大孔径（最小直径＞400 μm）特发性黄斑裂孔患者68例,其中40例联合内界膜翻转填塞治疗（传统术式组）,28例联合玻璃酸钠凝胶辅助内界膜翻转填塞治疗（改良术式组）。比较两组患者术前及术后最佳矫正视力及裂孔闭合率。结果　传统术式组术后6个月视力（0.842±0.340）logMAR较术前（1.160±0.310）logMAR明显改善（P<0.05）,改良术式组术后6个月视力（0.825±0.288)logMAR较术前（1.204±0.334）logMAR也明显改善（P<0.05）,但两组患者术后视力改善程度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。改良术式组术后裂孔闭合率（100.00%）高于传统术式组（77.50%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且随着裂孔直径的增大,传统术式组术后裂孔闭合率逐渐降低。超大孔径特发性黄斑裂孔（裂孔直径>700 μm）分组中,传统术式组和改良术式组患者术后裂孔闭合率分别为61.53%、100.00%,差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　玻璃体切割联合玻璃酸钠凝胶辅助内界膜翻转填塞术是一种安全有效的手术方式,不仅在一定程度改善大孔径黄斑裂孔患者术后视力,还可大幅提高大孔径特发性黄斑裂孔闭合率,尤其是超大孔径黄斑裂孔的闭合率。     

Multiple patterns of polymer gels in microspheres due to the interplay among phase separation,wetting, and gelation

We report the spontaneous patterning of polymer microgels by confining a polymer blend within microspheres. A poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and gelatin solution was confined inside water-in-oil (W/O) microdroplets coated with a layer of zwitterionic lipids: dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (PC). The droplet confinement affected the kinetics of the phase separation, wetting, and gelation after a temperature quench, which determined the final microgel pattern. The gelatin-rich phase completely wetted to the PE membrane and formed a hollow microcapsule as a stable state in the PE droplets. Gelation during phase separation varied the relation between the droplet size and thickness of the capsule wall. In the case of the PC droplets, phase separation was completed only for the smaller droplets, wherein the microgel partially wetted the PC membrane and had a hemisphere shape. In addition, the temperature decrease below the gelation point increased the interfacial tension between the PEG/gelatin phases and triggered a dewetting transition. Interestingly, the accompanying shape deformation to minimize the interfacial area was only observed for the smaller PC droplets. The critical size decreased as the gelatin concentration increased, indicating the role of the gel elasticity as an inhibitor of the deformation. Furthermore, variously patterned microgels with spherically asymmetric shapes, such as discs and stars, were produced as kinetically trapped states by regulating the incubation time, polymer composition, and droplet size. These findings demonstrate a way to regulate the complex shapes of microgels using the interplay among phase separation, wetting, and gelation of confined polymer blends in microdroplets.The regulation of the 3D shapes of biopolymer gels at the mesoscale has numerous applications in the biomedical, cosmetic, and food materials industries, among others (1). Recently, top-down and bottom-up approaches have been reported to control the mesoscopic patterns of polymer gels. For example, photolithography and two-photon polymerization allow the regulation of gel patterns at the mesoscale (2–4). The advanced design of the molecules enables polymerization with a self-assembly and produces nonspherical microgels: spherical particles with a cavity, capsules, and cubic particles (5–7). However, these methods require highly specialized equipment and are generally difficult to adapt for biopolymer gels.Dynamical coupling between phase separation and sol–gel transition in polymer blends has also been investigated for the spontaneous formation of spherical microgels and a porous gel (8, 9). Ma et al. (10) and Choi et al. (11) confined aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in microdroplets and fabricated microgels by selective polymerization. In such a confined space, phase separation accompanies wetting of a polymer to the substrate (12–15). Although the selective polymerization of phase-separated polymers in microdroplets has a great potential to produce variously shaped microgels, the dynamical coupling among the phase separation, wetting, and gelation of polymers in a confined space remains unclear (16). If it was better understood, the shapes of polymer microgels could be regulated in a self-organized manner.In the present work, we used gelatin, one of the most popular biopolymer gels, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the desolvating agent because PEG leads to phase separation for various biopolymers, such as proteins and DNA (17). The gelatin/PEG solution was confined in water-in-oil (W/O) microdroplets coated by a lipid layer, wherein the phase separation and sol–gel transition of the gelatin occur with a decrease in the temperature (18–20). This process led to gelation after and during the phase separation in the presence of the interactions between the polymers and lipid membranes. We analyzed the pattern formation of the gelatin microgel as a function of the temperature history, droplet size, and polymer composition. We found that variously shaped microgels appeared as stable states and kinetically trapped states. These findings yield a method to regulate the shapes of polymer microgels using the interplay among the interfacial tensions, elastic properties of the gels, and interactions between the polymers and the surfaces of the droplets.     

硅凝胶所致纤维包膜移植术后的组织形态学分析

目的:究硅凝胶所致纤维包膜在移植后的组织形态学特点。方法:用16只白色封闭群SD大鼠,四肢皮下分别埋置硅凝胶片,1个月后取出硅凝胶片并将所形成的纤维包膜移植至他处或留于原位,于移植后3 d、1周、2周、1个月观察其组织结构及形态学特点,并比较异位移植和原位移植后吸收率的变化。结果:纤维包膜异位移植后虽有一定的吸收,但仍具有一定厚度和强度,其组成主要是Ⅰ型纤维。结论:硅凝胶作为异物会刺激周围组织形成纤维包膜,这是隆乳术后包膜挛缩的可能原因,且此纤维包膜可能有临床使用的价值。